MT-4132 - Advanced Seamanship

TOPIC - Ground tackle

• course introduction states course objectives, reviews learning material used and explains grading system.
• understands and describes purpose and usage scenarios of ground tackle, including:
  • routine anchoring in the course of a vessel's voyage
  • anchoring in emergencies including, loss of steering or propulsion
  • basic use of anchors to assist in maneuvering the vessel
• understands and describes anchor design principles including:
  • basic anchor construction and nomenclature
  • anchor kinematics including, tripping angle and penetration angle
  • standard types and sizes of anchors carried by large vessels
  • special anchor designs for mooring and salvage operations
  • types and sizes of anchors carried by smaller vessels
  • spare anchors carried
  • Classification Society markings on anchors
• understands and describes anchor chain design and construction and installation. including:
  • types of anchor chain
  • manufacturing techniques for anchor chain
  • anchor chain weight computation
  • anchor chain breaking strength and working load computation including safety factor (s)
  • shackles, swivels, detachable links, marking of anchor chains by shots
• understands and describes anchor chain inspection and maintenance, including:
  • visual inspections
  • shipyard inspections and maintenance
• understands and describes associated anchor handling machinery, including:
  • anchor windlass parts
  • anchor windlass power supply
  • anchor windlass operation and safety precautions observed by operating personnel
• understands and describes design and use of anchor riding chocks and pawls including inspections and maintenance
• understands and describes design and use of devils claw and pelican hook including inspections and maintenance
• understands and describes anchor hawsepipe construction and associated fittings including buckler plates and anchor wash down system
• understands and describes anchor spill pipe and fittings
• understands construction of chain lockers including:
  • chain locker eductor system
  • securing of bitter end of anchor chain in chain locker
  • inspection of condition of chain lockers shipyard maintenance to chain lockers
• understands and explains how anchors secured for sea including:
  • use of pawls, brakes, devils claw
  • securing smaller chain stoppers to anchor chain securing buckler plates. spill pipe covers
• understands remote operational controls of anchor handling machinery,. including:
  • bridge anchor handling controls on offshore support vessels
  • bridge anchor chain meters

21A4
21A6
21C2
21A8.05

TOPIC - Anchoring and mooring

• understands and explains consideration of scope of chain used when anchoring. including:
  • type of bottom weather and current conditions
  • proximity of other vessels
  • holding power of the anchor vs. angle of chain
  • scope of chain equation radius of swing computation
• understands and describes anchor handling preparation and safety procedures, including:
  • clearing anchors for use windlass
  • start-up and operational checks
  • establishing communications with bridge
  • establishing communications between officer-in-charge on foc'sle and windlass operator
• understands and describes procedures to be observed when anchoring in various depths: shallow, deep, very deep waters
• understands commands, events, and their meaning that are used when handling anchors including Bell Book and Deck Log entries
• understands and describes how vessel is maneuvered when anchoring including:
  • maneuvering vessel to set anchor in
  • determination of vessel's anchored position
  • determination if re-anchoring is necessary
• understands terminology used to describe how anchor chain is tending including:
  • informing the bridge of how chain tends using the point system
  • informing the bridge of how chain tends using the clock system
• understands and describes condition of "horsing" at anchor, including the use of second anchor
• understands and describes conditions warranting use of two anchors, including:
  • precautions to prevent fouling of chains
  • use of stem anchors in vessels so equipped
• understands and describes use of the Bridle or Hammerlock Moor using two anchors
• understands and describes procedures to be followed when vessel dragging anchor, including:
  • determining if the vessel is dragging anchor
  • veering out more chain
  • setting second anchor
  • getting underway from untenable anchorage
  • requesting tug assistance
• understands and describes use of two anchors in a Mediterranean Moor, including:
  • vessel approach to berth
  • anchor setting sequence
  • maneuvering using own-ship power or with tug assistance
• understands and describes mooring at offshore terminals, including, single-point mooring multi-point mooring
• understands and describes use of anchors for vessel control. including:
  • maneuvering by "dredging" an anchor
  • maneuvering alongside a berth using anchor
  • maneuvering away from berth using anchor
• understands describes procedures used to recover fouled anchors
• understands and describes procedures used when mooring to buoys, including:
  • single buoy mooring
  • mooring to buoys at bow and stem

21A2
21A4
21A6
21A8.05

TOPIC - Ship maneuvering - controllable effects

• understands and describes various modes of vessel propulsion, including:
  • diesel propulsion basics, advantages and disadvantages
  • steam propulsion basics, advantages and disadvantages
  • diesel-electric and steam turbo-electric basics, advantages and disadvantages
  • gas turbine propulsion basics, naval applications
• understands diesel propulsion systems from a shiphandling approach, including: direct reversing diesel engine basic operation non-reversing diesel engine basic operation slow-medium-high RPM categories of diesel engines bridge engine-control systems, layout and operation basics particular bridge propulsion control panel layouts, large vessels particular bridge propulsion control panel layouts, smaller vessels consideration of operational limits and delays with Diesel propulsion
• understands steam propulsion systems from a shiphandling approach, including: geared steam turbine description and basic operation geared steam turbine operational limits and delays bridge controls and displays steam reciprocating engine description and basic operation
• understands Diesel-electric and steam turbo-electric propulsion systems from a shiphandling approach, including:
  • diesel-electric propulsion description and basic operation for large vessels
  • diesel-electric propulsion description and basic operation for smaller vessels
• understands basic gas turbine propulsion systems and operation in naval applications
• understands fuel types and consumption rate differences for diesel and steam propulsion systems, including:
  • daily consumption
  • per mile consumption
  • barrels to long tons and metric tons conversions
  • fuel conservation computations
• understands and describes types of propellers and propeller layouts, including:
  • conventional single screw, fixed pitch
  • single screw, controllable pitch
  • twin screw, fixed pitch
  • twin screw, controllable pitch
  • triple screw, fixed pitch
  • quadruple screw, fixed pitch
  • variable pitch propellers and shipyard adjustment of pitch
  • cycloidal propellers, azimuthing rudderpellers
  • rotation direction and properties of various propeller
  • layouts horsepower to displacement ratios for various vessel types
• understands and describes Kort nozzle construction and advantages
• understands and describes types of rudders and rudder layouts, including:
  • single rudder, twin rudders
  • flanking rudders
  • unbalanced, semi-balanced, balanced rudders
• understands and describes rudder forces. including lift component drag component resultant force
• understands and describes various maneuvering devices on modem vessels, including bow and stern thrusters active rudders water-jet thrusters
• understands the effects of displacement, trim and list on ship maneuvering, including the principle of and location of pivot point
• understands and describes drift angle and its relationship to speed and turning diameter
• understands and describes various types of ship speed logs and their usage by the shiphandler

21A2
21A4
21A8

TOPIC - Ship maneuvering - uncontrollable effects

• understands and describes hydrodynamic effects and how they may be considered by the shiphandler, including:
  • shallow water effect
  • bank cushion
  • bank cushion
  • ship squat
  • passing ship effects
• understands and describes water depth vs. vessel draft ratios, including: very shallow water, shallow water, medium water, deep water
• understands and described ship squat and its calculation, including:
  • vessel velocity as a major factor
  • squat in open water conditions
  • squat in confined waters conditions
• understands and describes bank effects in a narrow channel, including:
  • bank cushion
  • bank suction
  • practical shiphandling techniques in narrow channels with regard to bank effects
• understands and describes hydrodynamic effects arising when vessels passing in narrow waterway, including meeting and overtaking situations
• understands and describes effects of current and its relationship to vessel inertia and momentum
• understands and describes shiphandling in heavy weather conditions
• understands information described on the posted turning circle as detailed in 33 CFR 164.35, Equipment, All vessels including:
  • nomenclature used in maneuvering diagram
  • information provided in maneuvering diagram and its usage by the shiphandler

21A2
21A4
21A8
21A8.01
21A8.02
21A8.04

TOPIC - Ship maneuvering - situations and techniques

• understands and describes Man Overboard maneuvering and recovery techniques, including Williamson Turn, Race Track Turn, Scharnow Turn
• understands and describes engine and rudder usage in various situations, including:
  • high and low frequency rudder cycling to decelerate vessel
  • procedures followed in event of steering or propulsion casualty
  • means of decelerating vessel in extremis situations
• understands and describes typical preparations onboard ship prior to arrivals and departures from port, including:
  • testing navigational gear (33 CFR 164.25)
  • rigging pilot ladders
  • onboard communications
  • bridge VHF communications to the port control and pilots
  • maneuvering tests prior to port entry
  • communication with engine room
• understands and describes the importance of the Master-Pilot relationship, including:
  • vessel particulars and maneuvering information card
  • protocols observed with pilots in foreign ports
  • pilot's duties and responsibilities
  • watch officer's navigational responsibilities in pilot waters
  • watch officer's responsibilities when pilot conning vessel and master off bridge
• understands and describes particulars of Suez Canal and Panama Canal transits practical considerations in transiting narrow and congested waterways
• understands and describes importance of keeping engine room personnel informed of maneuvering evaluations
• understands and describes embarkation of docking pilots and malting tugs up alongside

21A2
21A4
21A4.03
21A8

TOPIC - Docking and undocking procedures

• understands and describes mooring lines, including:
  • names of mooring lines and their location
  • first line, last line entries in bell book and deck log book
  • combinations of mooring lines, 2-2-2, 3-2-2, etc. arrangements
• understands and describes attributes of mooring lines, including:
  • line construction advantages and disadvantages
  • wire mooring lines advantages and disadvantages
• understands and describes use of mooring line bights and three part leads, including advantages and disadvantages and safety considerations
• understands and describes commands used when handling mooring lines, including:
  • commands from bridge to mooring stations
  • officers commands from mooring station officers to linehandlers
• understands and describes dangers to personnel when working mooring lines, including:
  • procedures and safety precautions observed in passing lines to/from tugs
  • procedures and safety precautions observed in passing lines to/from pier
  • proper use of messengers when working wires from tugs
  • proper use of heaving lines
  • correct use of stoppers when malting mooring lines fast on deck
  • correct methods of making mooring lines fast on bitts
  • avoidance of parbuckling bitts
  • importance of keeping vessel personnel out of danger when working mooring lines
• understands and describes the use of deck machinery when working mooring lines, including:
  • use of fairleads, various types of chocks
  • safe and efficient use of powered line reels
  • avoidance of obstructions on deck and ashore that may cause chafing of lines
  • gauging tautness of mooring lines
  • regular attention given to condition of mooring lines during in-port watches
  • taking up or slacking off mooring lines when tide change
• understands and describes preparations conducted prior to berthing vessel, including:
  • notification to engine room to shift to high sea water suction if entering shallow berth
  • notification and call-outs of personnel
  • starting and warming up deck machinery
• understands thought and planning required prior to vessel approach to berth, including:
  • master and pilot have a common understanding of plan
  • wind and current conditions
  • limitations on engine response time
• understands and describes various scenarios encountered in berthing vessels, including:
  • basic approaches to berth
  • using bow or stem thrusters in assisting berthing large single-screw vessels
  • using anchors in assisting berthing
  • flanking using bow thruster on smaller twin screw vessels
  • flanking vessel with twin inboard turning propellers
  • berthing vessels equipped with cycloidal or azimuthing thrusters
• understands and describes maneuvering procedures peculiar to offshore support vessels, including:
  • using vessel's anchor when coming alongside offshore platforms and floating rigs
  • maintaining a hovering position in close proximity to offshore platforms and rigs
  • maneuvering techniques in confined berths
• understands and describes maneuvering difficulties encountered in offshore lightering operations, including:
  • approach to stationary vessel considering wind and sea conditions
  • rendering arrangements for lightering operations
• understands situations encountered in maneuvering small cargo or passenger vessels including:
  • shiphandling around narrow and confined berths
  • use of benchmarks and range marks at terminals

21A4
21A8

TOPIC - Tugs and towing

• understands and describes various employment of tugs, including:
  • harbor and channel ship assist tug work
  • near shore and offshore towing of floating equipment and platforms
  • integrated tug and barge (ITB) service
  • support of offshore drilling and production platforms
• understands and describes various designs and special characteristics of tugs, including:
  • various modes of main propulsion employed
  • maneuverability requirements
  • tug horsepower and bollard pull factor
  • tractor tug characteristics and propulsion modes use of flanking rudders
  • Kort nozzle design principle
• understands and describes employment of ship-assist tugs, including:
  • European method of employing ship-assist tugs
  • American method of employing ship-assist tugs
  • various configurations for making tugs fast alongside a ship
  • commands used by pilots and docking masters to tugs
• understands and describes principles of sheltered-water towing astern, including:
  • makeup of tow wire and towing bridle between tug and barge
  • consideration of barge load and trim controlling yaw of barge
  • avoidance or tripping
• understands and describes principles of sheltered-water pushing ahead, including:
  • rigging push cables
  • use of steamboat ratchets
  • employment of lookouts on barge
• understands and describes principles of towing on-the-hip, including:
  • determining which side of the barge to make-up on
  • making up towlines
  • maneuvering characteristics of tow going ahead or astern

21A2
21A4
21A8

TOPIC - Stranding and salvage operations

• understands and describes situations when stranding may occur. including:
  • stranding caused by navigational error
  • stranding caused by propulsion or steering failure
  • intentional stranding to prevent total loss of vessel
  • stranding due to extreme weather conditions
• understands and describes actions to be taken immediately after stranding, including:
  • stabilization of situation
  • notification to authorities and vessel owners of situation
  • estimation of situation
  • controlling factors - environmental and shipboard
  • assessment of ship stability
• understands and explains initial damage assessment and site survey, including:
  • damage to hull and potential for environmental pollution situation
  • hazards to shipboard personnel from vessel damage and environment
• understands and explains risks if vessel remains stationary at stranding site, including:
  • precautions against broaching, pounding, or further grounding
  • use of ground tackle to prevent aggravated grounding
  • hermetic isolation of holed tanks
  • precautions observed for ballasting or shifting of ballast
  • potential for environmental damage from bunkers or dangerous cargoes
• understands and explains advantages and disadvantages of using vessel's propulsion to free vessel from stranding

21A4
21A4.02
21A4.03
21B1
21B1.01
21C2
21C2.2
21C2.3

TOPIC - Stranding and salvage operations

• understands and explains principles involved in refloating stranded vessel, including:
  • restoring lost buoyancy by decreasing displacement vs. increasing buoyancy
  • hull stability and stress considerations when removing or shifting weights
• understands and explains practical methods of refloating stranded vessel, including:
  • removing ground from under vessel and channeling to deeper water
  • physically lifting vessel with hydraulic jacks or pontoons
  • pulling vessel off with kedges, tugs, or beach gear combinations of methods

21A4
21A4.03
21B1
21B1.01
21C2
21C2.2
21C2.3

TOPIC - Ice seamanship

• understands and describes seasons and routes where ice may be encountered including:
  • information from Pilot Charts
  • information from U.S. Coast Pilot publications
  • information from Sailing Directions
  • information from foreign navigational publications and advisories
• understands and describes types of floating ice, including:
  • fresh water ice in rivers and lakes
  • sea ice types and ages and identification by, color
  • relative sizes of glacial ice at sea as bergs, bergy bits, and growlers
• understands and describes ice identification by observing sky phenomena, including: snow blink, ice blink, water sky
• understands and describes observation of sea conditions when in proximity, of ice
• understands tenths and oktas system of estimating ice concentrations
• understands principles of sound seamanship and vessel management when in proximity of ice. including:
  • reduction of vessel speed
  • posting of extra lookouts and proper rotation of lookouts
  • limitations to reliability of radar in ice
  • when and when not to heave-to
  • proper ballast and trim of vessel force of impact formula
• understands and describes combined operations of ice strengthened and icebreaker vessels and their limitations
• understands and describes procedures of ice operations, including:
  • approach and entrance to ice fields
  • passing ice bergs and debris fields
  • anchoring in ice pack
  • overview of icebreaker operations in polar areas

21A2

TOPIC - Helicopter operations

• understands and describes categories of helicopter operations, including:
  • routine operations for vessel crew changes via helicopter
  • routine operations for vessel stores/spares delivery via helicopter
  • embarkation/demarcation of marine pilots
• understands and describes emergency categories of helicopter operations, including:
  • medical evacuation from vessel of injured/ill crew to shore or other vessel
  • embarkation of emergency personnel and/or equipment
  • search and rescue helicopter operations
  • rescue of vessel crew in abandon ship situations
  • operational limitations of helicopters over water
  • feasibility of helicopter operations in extreme situations
• understands and describes lines of responsibility of vessel master and helicopter pilot, including:
  • master's responsibility for personnel training and preparation on the vessel
  • helicopter pilot' s responsibility for aircraft and air crew
• understands and describes preparations for and potential dangers of helicopter operations at sea including:
  • selection of shipboard helicopter handling area and its marking/lighting
  • static electricity safety
  • safe handling of tag lines on lifts
  • dangers of helicopter crash and resultant fire
  • firefighting preparation and required equipment and personnel to have ready
• understands and describes procedures for transferring personnel on vessels with flight decks, including:
  • awaiting signal from helicopter pilot for personnel to approach aircraft
  • proper method for personnel to approach a landed helicopter
  • safety and danger quadrants in area under helicopter rotor
• understands and describes preparation and procedures for helicopter hoisting operations as extracted from U.S. Coast Pilot, Chapter 1, General information

21A2
21A4
21A5
21A6
21A8
21C3

TOPIC - AMVER reporting, MERSAR procedures, assistance to vessels and aircraft in distress

• understands and describes the purpose, organization, and operation of AMVER, including satellite communications with AMVER
• understands and describes reports made by vessels to AMVER, including:
  • required reports at commencement and throughout transit
  • reporting change of route or other deviations
  • weather reporting requirements of AMVER
• understands and describes purpose, organization, of MERSAR, including:
  • requirements of SOLAS V. 10 Distress messages - obligations and procedures
  • categories of distress incidents
  • abbreviations used in MERSAR
  • terms and definitions used in MERSAR
• understands and describes coordination of search and rescue operations, including:
  • elements and functions of SAR organization
  • designation and responsibilities of on-scene coordination
  • SITREP information
• understands and describes actions to be taken by vessel and aircraft in distress, including:
  • contents and transmission of distress messages
  • direction finding and homing signals
  • training for shipboard personnel in use of equipment to signal distress
• understands and describes actions to be taken by assisting ships, including:
  • receipt of distress signals from ships and aircraft
  • immediate action to be taken by vessels on receipt of a distress message
  • onboard preparation by vessels proceeding to a vessel or aircraft in distress
  • establishment and duties of the CSS
  • procedures for approach and arrival at the scene of a distress
• understands and describes assistance given by SAR aircraft, including:
  • helicopter operations
  • fixed wing aircraft operations
• understands and describes planning and conducting searches for vessels or aircraft in distress, including:
  • terms and definitions used in organizing searches
  • planning surface searches of most probable area
  • surface search patterns conducted by single and multiple vessels/aircraft
• understands and describes actions to be taken at conclusion of search, including:
  • procedures undertaken in event of successful search results
  • procedures undertaken in event of unsuccessful search
• understands and describes communications with aircraft assisting in SAR, including:
  • radio and visual signals between ships and aircraft
  • aircraft maneuvers to effect response from ship in SAR situations
  • visual communications between survival craft and aircraft
• understands and describes procedures for ships assisting aircraft in distress, including:
  • signals given by aircraft in distress aircraft ditching techniques
  • action to be taken by ship when aircraft ditches into sea
• understands and describes procedures for recovering survivors from the sea, including:
  • approach techniques when recovering personnel from survival craft
  • medical treatment for survivors
  • reporting number, identification, and condition of survivors

21A2
21A4
21A5
21A6
21A8
21C4
21C6

LAB - Lab 1 Deck machinery

• understands and describes the operation of the anchor windlass, including:
  • nomenclature of anchor windlass components
  • turning power on windlass
  • engaging/disengaging of windlass brake
  • engaging/disengaging of windlass wildcat
  • inspection of brake band condition
  • lubrication points on windlass
  • signals used in operation of windlass
• understands and describes operation of anchor chain pawls and devils claws
• understands and describes operation of mooring capstans, including:
  • turning power on to capstans
  • safety switches
  • fairleading lines to capstans
  • lubrication points on capstans
  • signals used in operation of capstans
• understands and describes operation of constant tension winches, including:
  • turning power on to capstans
  • safety switches
  • wire rope chocks
  • lubrication points on winches
  • signals used in operation of winches
• understands and describes safety precautions to be observed by deck personnel when operating deck machinery, including:
  • personal safety equipment
  • keeping limbs and clothing away from moving parts of machinery
  • keeping clear of lines being worked with capstans and winches
  • ongoing training of personnel in equipment operational safety

LAB - Lab 2 Lifeboat equipment and launching

• understands and describes gravity davit lifeboat installation including:
  • nomenclature of davit parts
  • davit controls and operation
  • releasing gear lever and operation
  • davit winch control and operation
• understands procedures taken prior to launch of lifeboats. including:
  • abandon ship signal
  • mustering of personnel to be embarked in lifeboat
  • lifeboat launch signals
  • swinging boats out and making ready to lower
• understands and describes lowering and casting off of lifeboats. including:
  • rigging and use of sea painter
  • operation of releasing gear
  • starting and operation of engine
  • getting underway under oars
  • operation of Fleming gear
• understands and describes lifeboat equipment inventory, including:
  • emergency signaling devices
  • portable VHF radios
  • SART transponders
  • EPIRB operation
  • rigging boat protective cover
  • lifeboat water and provisions inventory
  • deploying sea anchor and use of storm oil
• understands and describes procedures to be followed during rescue from a survival craft, including:
  • signaling to SAR aircraft
  • signaling to SAR ships
  • disembarking lifeboat to a rescue ship
  • helicopter hoisting of survivors

LAB - Lab 3 A/B Motor whaleboat operation

• understands and describes engine operation, including:
  • procedures for starting engine
  • engine controls
  • steering controls
• understands and describes operation of a single-screw vessel, including:
  • propeller rotation and torque
  • boat maneuvering with various propeller/rudder combinations
  • simulation of larger vessel by restricting engine speed and delaying direction change
  • compensating for wind and current when approaching piers
  • aborting approach and making recovery for second approach
• understands and describes docking and undocking using spring lines. including:
  • employing forward spring line
  • employing after spring line
  • gauging tension on lines
  • keeping lines clear of propeller
• understands and describes operation of single screw vessel in strong current., including:
  • stemming current to hold position
  • making allowance for drift in strong current
• understands and describes casting single-screw vessel in narrow waterway
• Each trainee will perform at least two complete maneuvering cycles noted above. Grading of performance will be done on a 1-10 point basis.

21A8

LAB - Lab 4 A/B Single screw vessels

• understands and obtains experience in the operation of larger single-screw vessels, including:
  • MMA/"NRC" aluminum single-screw launch
  • MMA/T.V. TOWLINE small ice-strengthened tug
• understands and obtains experience in planning and executing maneuvers of single screw vessels, including:
  • planning maneuvers beforehand allowing for wind/current/vessel characteristics
  • giving rudder orders to helmsman
  • giving engine orders to deck officer at engine controls
  • communicating with bow and stern mooring officers
• understands and obtains experience in handling single-screw vessels in confined areas including:
  • singling up lines
  • working forward or after spring lines getting off the pier
  • casting vessel in narrow channel
  • bringing vessel to stop by watching propeller wash
  • setting up and making final approach to berth
  • working forward spring getting vessel alongside
  • backing vessel into narrow berth using after spring

21A8

LAB - Lab 5 A/B Towing

• understands and obtains practical vessel handling skills in making-up a tow "on-the-hip" using motor whaleboat and MMA "NRC" boat, including:
  • proper malting up of towlines and their function
  • deciding which side of the tow to make tug fast on
  • differences in handling qualities of tow depending on which side tug is made fast
  • placement and duties of lookout on tow during maneuvers
  • working spring lines when maneuvering tug/tows off pier
  • turning tug/tow in shortest distance
  • lights and dayshapes to be shown
• understands and obtains practical vessel handling skills for coping with wind and current while towing on the hip, including:
  • visual indicators useful in gauging wind direction and velocity
  • visual indicators useful in gauging current direction and velocity
  • gauging counter currents in narrow channel
  • using wind and current to advantage when maneuvering tug and tow
  • anticipating wind and current deflection by nearby structures
• understands and obtains practical vessel handling skills for shifting tow from "on-the-hip" to towing astern, including:
  • deciding at which point in transit to shift position of tow
  • coping with wind and current during position shift of tow
  • rigging of tow bridle and making fast onboard tow
  • paying out and stopping off of towline
  • rigging of chafing gear and gobline
  • maintaining tug and tow "in-step" at sea
• Each trainee will be assigned duties for the initial make up of tow "on-the-hip" and will afterwards perform two undocking/maneuvering/docking evaluations. Grading of performance will be done on a 1-10 point basis.

21A8
21A8.02

LAB - Lab 6 Tugs and towing

• understands and obtains practical vessel handling experience with tug and tow pushing ahead and towing astern, using MMA/NRC boat and mock-up oil barge, including:
  • nomenclature and function of lines made-up between tug and barge for pushing ahead
  • proper fairleading and securing of tow lines for pushing ahead
  • placement and communications with deck crew on tug/barge unit
  • proper trim and stability of barge for pushing ahead
  • turning, acceleration. deceleration characteristics of tug/barge unit
  • casting tug/barge unit in narrow channel anchoring of tug/barge unit
  • docking and undocking of tug/barge unit
  • proper lights and dayshapes when pushing ahead and towing astern
• understands and obtains practical vessel handling of tug and tow when shifting from pushing ahead to towing astern, including:
  • considerations of wind and current when shifting position of tow
  • transfer of crew between tug and barge for rigging towline
  • rigging of tow bridle on barge for towing astern
  • rigging of chafing gear and gobline
  • keeping tug and barge "in step" considering sea conditions
  • precautions taken to prevent tow from tripping the tug when towing astern
• Each trainee will be assigned duties for the initial make up of tug/barge unit for pushing ahead and will then perform one docking/undocking maneuvering evolution. Performance will be graded on a 1-10 point basis.

21A8

LAB - Lab 7 Mooring operations

• understands and obtains practical experience in handling of ship mooring lines including:
  • review of deck line handling machinery and safe procedures
  • nomenclature and employment of mooring lines
  • review of safety precautions to be observed when handling mooring lines
  • commands issued from bridge to mooring stations on ship
  • bending on of heaving lines and practice in heaving
  • passing out and retrieval of ship's lines to tugs
  • signals and commands from mooring station officer to deck personnel
  • proper leading of mooring lines around fairleads to capstans/gypsy heads
  • use of powered mooring line reels
• understands and obtains practical experience in taking mooring lines to bitts, including;
  • various methods for using stoppers
  • proper method of making fast mooring lines to bitts
  • dipping mooring lines on pierside bitts
  • keeping mooring lines clear of propeller
  • keeping bridge advised of distances off obstructions
• understands and describes employment of wire rope in mooring operations. including;
  • taking wire tow lines from tugs to ship
  • passing back wire tow lines from ship to tugs
  • controls and operation of constant tension wire winches
• understands and explains proper working of mooring lines for small ships when docking and undocking including:
  • commands from pilothouse to deck mooring stations
  • hand signals used as backup communication to deck personnel
  • use of capstans and winches on smaller vessels for docking/undocking
  • mooring alongside other vessels in bunkering/lightering operations
  • nesting of several vessels alongside and proper rendering

LAB - Lab 8 Splicing of plaited mooring lines

• understands and obtains practical experience in splicing of plaited/braided mooring lines, including:
  • preparing and measuring line ends for splicing eye
  • marking of strands
  • insertion of chafing material inside eye (if required)
  • making initial tuck
  • following tucks to complete the eye splice
• understands and obtains practical experience in making temporary, splices to parted mooring lines, including:
  • preparing and measuring line ends for splicing together
  • marking of strands malting initial tucks
  • following tucks to complete temporary splice

LAB - Lab 9 Rigging review I

• understands and obtains practical experience in rigging of work staging, including:
  • inspection of staging equipment prior to rigging
  • review of knots and bends used in rigging staging
  • safety precautions observed for personnel working from staging
  • hands-on rigging of staging
• understands and obtains practical experience in rigging of pilot ladders, including:
  • communications between the bridge and pilot boarding area
  • pilot escort
  • inspection and care of pilot ladders for safe condition
  • proper procedures for rigging pilot ladders
  • pilot ladder equipment, life ring, heaving lines ready
  • rigging of pilot ladder steps and railings on deck
  • embarking/disembarking pilots, ship personnel, shoreside personnel
  • rigging of manropes when required
  • rigging of boat-ropes when required for launches
  • night lighting for pilot ladders and decks
  • methods of proper stowage of pilot ladders
• understands and obtains practical experience in rigging of bosun's chair, including:
  • situations when sending personnel aloft may be required
  • securing of vessel electronics when sending personnel aloft
  • inspection of bosun's chair, lines, and hardware prior to use
  • correct rigging of bosun's chair and tending personnel aloft procedures

LAB - Lab 9 Rigging review II

• understands and explains procedures for personnel climbing aloft (no bosun's chair) including:
  • securing of vessel electronics when sending personnel aloft
  • proper donning and usage of climber safety harness
• understands and describes rigging of gangways, including:
  • inspections of gangways, winches, bridles, associated equipment
  • swinging out and rigging gangways for embarking/disembarking pilots
  • rigging and tending gangways for use when the vessel is at anchor
  • rigging and tending of gangways when the vessel is alongside a pier
  • gangway safety precautions for embarking/disembarking personnel
  • proper lighting of gangways and gangway areas
  • rigging in and securing gangways for sea

LAB - Lab 10 Cold water survival/donning and doffing of survival suits

• understands and obtains practical experience in donning, doffing and use of survival suit, including:
  • proper stowage and care of survival suit
  • preparing to don survival suit and survival suit components
  • proper donning of survival suit
  • abandon ship preparations donning of survival suit and immersion of trainee mustering and keeping personnel together in water
• understands and explains inspections and drills in use of survival suit, including:
  • training of personnel in use of survival suit
  • required drills and demonstrations in use of survival suits
  • routine inspection and care of survival suits
• understands and explains hypothermia, including:
  • effect of cold water and air on the body
  • "H.E.L.P." and "huddle" positions
  • keeping survivors together in cold water conditions
  • recovery and treatment of survivors in cold water conditions

21C4
21C4.2