MT-1221 - Coastal Navigation

TOPIC - Overview of navigation

• states course objectives, reviews learning material used and explains grading system
• explains overall definition of navigation and the types of marine navigation according to the method employed
• gives basic definitions in terrestrial navigation including, piloting, dead reckoning (DR), line(s) of position, estimated position and the sailings
• describes celestial navigation, celestial lines of position, celestial position fixing methods
• describes electronic navigation including radio, satellite, ECDIS and sonic navigation methods

21A6
21A1.06

TOPIC - Definitions - Earth and geographic coordinates

• defines the true sphere and the "oblate spheroid"
• describes the earth as an ellipsoid, defines "compression", and states its value
• defines "great circle", "small circle", "spherical angle", "spherical triangle", "poles" of a great circle
• defines the axis of rotation (polar axis),"earth's poles", "equator", and "meridians"
• defines "latitude" and "parallels of latitude", "prime meridian" and "longitude"
• defines "difference of latitude", "middle or mid latitude", "difference of longitude" and departure
• defines "international nautical mile", "geographic mile", "statute mile", and "kilometer"
• describes distance along a rhumb line and great circle
• defines the "knot", DR speed, speed by log device, speed by revolution, "speed of advance" (SOA), "speed made good" (SMG) and "speed over the ground" (SOG)

21A6

TOPIC - Direction on the earth's surface

• defines "course" (C, Cn), "course of advance" (COA), "course made good" (CMG) and "course over the ground" (COG)
• defines "course angle", compass quadrants
• defines "track", rhumb line track and great circle track
• defines "heading", "bearing", "relative bearing"

21A6
21A2.02

TOPIC - Nautical chart projections and development

• defines a map, chart and nautical chart
• discusses the criteria and desirable properties for chart projection and development for marine navigation
• discusses the types of chart projections by developable surface: cylindrical, conic and azimuthal (flat plane)
• discusses the types of chart projections by method of centering: equatorial, polar, oblique and point of tangency
• discusses and demonstrates the use of the Mercator projection, identifies the Mercator chart as a mathematical projection and understands the principles of its construction. Describes the properties of the chart and the degree to which it meets navigational requirements and also its limitations
• discusses and demonstrates the use of the Gnomonic projection
• discusses and demonstrates the use of the Polyconic projection
• discusses and demonstrates the use of the Lambert Conformal projection
• explains position plotting sheets (WOBZP923, WOBZP924)
• describes systematic and random navigational errors
• defines navigation system accuracy
• defines "most probable position" and ellipse of uncertainty
• discusses recognition and avoidance of mistakes

21A1.02
21A1.05
21A2
21A2.02
21A2.03
21A6

TOPIC - Short range aids to navigation

• defines short range aids to navigation
• defines floating and fixed aids to navigation
• defines beacon, buoyant beacon, day beacon, daymark, dayboards
• defines major and minor lights, primary seacoast and secondary lights
• defines "range lights", directional and sector lights
• describes lights and signals used on bridges, bridge regulations
• describes light characteristics and factors affecting range and light characteristics
• defines sound signals and limitations of sound signals
• describes the International Association of Lighthouse Authorities (IALA) system of buoyage for Regions "A" and "B"
• describes the U.S. Lateral Buoyage System, preferred channel marks, safewater marks, channel marks, special marks, information marks, miscellaneous marks

21A1.02
21A1.03
21A1.04
21A1.07

TOPIC - Direction and directional instruments

• defines directions on the earth's surface
• defines true direction
• describes the basic operating principle of the magnetic compass
• describes the basic operating principle of the gyro compass
• describes the direction indicated by the gyrocompass
• describes the direction indicated by the magnetic compass (magnetic course)
• describes the direction of the ship's head on a gyro-compass (gyro course)
• describes the direction of the ship's head on a magnetic compass (compass course)

21A1.06
21A1.08
21A1.09

TOPIC - Magnetism of the earth and ship's deviation

• explains the theory of magnetism as applied to ferromagnetic materials
• describes a simple magnet, its poles and the law of attraction and repulsion
• describes the magnetic field and lines of force around a magnet
• describes qualitatively flux density and field strength
• describes magnetic induction and differentiates between "hard" and "soft" iron
• defines "residual magnetism" and "permanent magnetism"
• explains the meaning of the terms: intensity of magnetization permeability magnetic susceptibility (no mathematical formula required)
• describes the magnetic field of the earth
• defines "magnetic poles" and "magnetic equator"
• explains how the earth's total field can be split into horizontal and vertical components
• defines "magnetic variation" and explains why it is a slowly changing quantity
• defines "angle of dip"
• shows isomagnetic charts of the world showing lines of magnetic inclination, lines connecting points of equal horizontal and vertical intensity and total intensity, magnetic variation
• defines "isogonic" and "agonic lines
• explains by convention and usage, magnetic polarity has come to be represented by the colors red and blue
• demonstrates the use of the "pilot chart" for determination of magnetic variation
• describes the magnetism of a steel vessel
• explains that a compass needle which is constrained to the horizontal can respond only to the horizontal components of the earth's field and the field due to the ship's magnetism
• describes the effect of introducing a disturbing magnetic force into the vicinity of a compass needle
• states that the direction and strength of a magnetic field may be represented by a vector
• uses a vector diagram to find the field at a point resulting from two given fields
• states that a compass needle will align itself with the resultant field
• describes the types of magnetic compass deviation, their coefficients and compensation methods

21A1.08
21A1.09

TOPIC - Magnetic compass

• describes the construction of a liquid card magnetic compass
• shows magnetic compass accessories and describes the functions of a "bearing circle", "azimuth circle", "alidade" and "pelorus"
• demonstrates taking bearings of celestial bodies and landmarks
• sketches a section through the compass to show the float chamber, the pivot support, bowl, liquid, compass card, expansion chamber and the arrangement of magnets
• explains how the card is kept practically horizontal in all latitudes
• states the composition of the liquid and explains how allowance is made for changes in volume of the liquid
• describes how to remove an air bubble from the compass bowl
• describes how to check that the card is turning freely on its pivot
• explains how the compass bowl is supported in the binnacle
• describes the marking of the lubber's line and its purpose
• describes a binnacle and the arrangement of correcting devices provided
• defines "deviation" and states how it is named
• illustrates with sketches the deviations on various headings produced by permanent magnetism with a pole or poles lying in the plane of the compass card
• illustrates with sketches the deviations on various headings resulting from induction in a notional soft iron rod lying in the plane of the compass card
• explains the need for care in the placing of portable items of magnetic material, including spare corrector magnets, or electrical equipment in the vicinity of compasses
• explains the need for regular checking of the compass error
• explains why compass error should be checked after a major alteration of course
• explains why regular comparisons of standard compass, steering compass and gyro-compasses should be made
• explains that the approximate error of the standard compass can be obtained by comparison with the gyrocompass if no other means is available
• describes the desirable characteristics and limitations of the magnetic compass and the change in directive force with change in latitude
• demonstrates the use of the "quadrantal spheres", "flinder's bars", "permanent magnets and trays" and the "heeling magnet" in the process of compass adjustment
• describes the process of compass adjustment
• construct a deviation table while swinging a vessel on a "visual range"
• determine compass error by "visual range"
• use deviation table to determine course to steer by standard magnetic compass
• use deviation table to determine true course made good
• use deviation table to determine deviation on magnetic compass headings, true headings and gyro headings

21A1.08
21A1.09
21A2.02

TOPIC - Compass corrections

• defines true, magnetic and compass north
• defines variation, deviation and magnetic compass error
• defines true course, gyro compass course and gyro compass error
• finds variation and annual changes from charts
• describes the process of compass adjustment
• finds deviation from deviation tables
• construct a deviation table while swinging a vessel on a "visual range"
• determine compass error by "visual range"
• use deviation table to determine course to steer by standard magnetic compass
• use deviation table to determine true course made good
• use deviation table to determine deviation on magnetic compass headings, true headings and gyro headings
• calculates deviation from magnetic and compass course
• calculates true course from compass course
• calculates compass course from true course
• measures compass error, gyro error, using a range formed by two objects
• applies compass error to the ship's head and compass bearings to convert to true
• takes a compass bearing of a charted object and lays the true bearing on the chart
• applies gyro error to gyro course to convert to true
• takes a gyro bearing of a charted object and lays the true bearing on the chart

21A1.02
21A1.03
21A1.08
21A1.09

TOPIC - Current sailing

• defines "set", "drift" and "leeway" due to wind
• defines "ship's speed", "speed made good", "course and distance made good", "applied leeway"
• finds the course and distance made good with a tidal stream or current
• finds the course to steer, allowing for tidal stream or current
• finds the set and drift of tidal stream or current from charts or tables
• finds positions by running fix in a tidal stream or current
• calculates the actual set and drift of tidal stream or current from DR and fixed positions
• calculates the engine speed to turn to make good the DR speed

21A1
21A1.04

TOPIC - Keeping a log

• lists the rules, regulations and common practice regarding keeping a log
• describes the proper keeping of different kinds of log during ocean passages, coastal navigation and in port
  • Watch Officer's Navigation notebook
  • Bridge log and/or Quartermaster's log
  • Compass record/comparison book
  • Chronometer book
  • Bell book
  • Bearing book
  • Radar log
  • VHF log

21A2
21A2.02

TOPIC - Tides and tidal calculations

• explains the basic theory of tides, causes and effects
• defines "spring tides", "neap tides", "height of tide" "high water" and "low water", "mean high water springs", "mean high water neaps", "mean low water springs", "mean low water neaps", "range", "chart datum"
• defines "diurnal tide", "semi-diurnal tide", "mixed tide", "solar tide", "double high water" and "double low water"
• defines "perigean tide", "apogean tide", "tropic tide", and "equatorial tide"
• defines "solstitial tide" and "equinoctial tide"
• defines "lunar day (tidal day)", "lunar month" and "nodal period"
• defines "mean range", "spring range", "neap range", ,great diurnal range", "small diurnal range", "great tropic range", "small tropic range", "mean tropic range", " perigean and apogean range"
• defines "establishment of the port" and "vulgar establishment"
• describes the information contained within and demonstrates the use of the tide publications
• calculates the spring and neap ranges for reference and subordinate stations
• finds the predicted time and height of high and low water at reference and subordinate stations
• finds the height of tide at any time for reference and subordinate stations
• calculates the depth of the water at any time
• calculates the time and height of tide required to pass clear of charted obstruction
• demonstrates the use of computer software for personal computers to compute and graph tidal predictions

21A1.05
21A1.07

TOPIC - Tidal currents and tidal current calculations

• explains the basic theory of tidal currents, cause and effects
• discusses the direction and velocity of tidal currents
• defines "set", "flood tidal current", "ebb tidal current", "drift" and "slack water"
• defines "rotary", "reversing (rectilinear)", and "hydraulic" tidal currents
• defines "diurnal", "semi-diurnal", and "mixed" tidal currents
• defines "perigean", "apogean", "tropic", and "equatorial" tidal currents
• defines "solstitial" and "equinoctial" tidal currents
• defines "spring" and "neap" tidal currents
• defines "diurnal inequality"
• describes the information contained within and demonstrates the use of the tidal current publication
• calculates the direction and velocity of the tidal current at reference and subordinate stations
• calculates the direction and velocity of the tidal current for any time at reference and subordinate stations
• calculates the maximum velocity and direction of the tidal current at reference and subordinate stations
• calculates the time and duration of slack water at reference and subordinate stations
• calculates the average direction and velocity of currents produced by the wind
• calculates the direction and velocity of two or more currents setting neither in the same nor in opposite directions
• demonstrates the use of current diagrams to determine the average speed and direction of tidal current for stations located in bays and rivers
• calculates the direction and velocity of offshore rotary currents
• demonstrates the use of computer software for personal computers to compute and graph tidal current predictions
• demonstrates the use of a tidal steam atlas

21A1.05
21A1.07
21A8.05

TOPIC - Ocean currents

• explains the causes of ocean currents
• explains wind driven currents
• discusses currents related to density differences of the oceans
• explains the general circulation of the atmosphere
• explains the stream drift chart of the world
• name and explain the speed and direction the ocean currents
• explain the natural phenomena associated with and the effects of temperature, climate and atmospheric conditions caused by the ocean currents

21A1.05
21A2.02

TOPIC - Running fix and special case bearings

• defines "Running Fix" as obtained in piloting
• demonstrates the plotting of a running fix
• demonstrates the calculation of a running fix by use of angular relationships without plotting the lines of position
• describes how Bowditch, Volume 1 Table 18, "Distance of an object by two bearings" (Ref: Bowditch, Volume 2, Table 7) provides a quick solution of a running fix as an alternative to the trigonometry involved in the angular relationships
• calculates the distance off abeam, distance off at the time of the second bearing and time abeam by use of Bowditch Table 18
• demonstrates the workings of the "Special Case" bearing problems including:
  • double angle on the bow
  • bow and beam bearings
  • Seven-Tenths Rule (22 1/2° - 45°)
  • Seven-Thirds Rule (26 1/2° - 45°)

21A1.02
21A1.03
21A1.04

TOPIC - Sailings

• defines "departure" and states the relationship to difference of longitude
• defines "true course" and "rhumb line"
• defines "rhumb line sailing", "great circle sailing" and "composite sailing
• derives the plane sailing formulae:
  • cos course = difference in latitude ÷ distance
  • sin course = departure (p) ÷ distance
  • tan course = departure (p) ÷ difference in latitude (l)
  • l = D x cos C
  • D = L x sec C
  • p = D x sin C
• calculates by plane sailing
  • plane course
  • plane distance
  • plane course and distance
  • latitude of arrival/departure by plane sailing
  • longitude of arrival/departure by plane sailing
  • latitude and longitude of arrival/departure by plane sailing
• explains the relationship between departure and difference of longitude in cases involving a change of latitude, by using mean latitude (mid-latitude)
• derives the mid-latitude sailing formulae:
  • DLo = p x sec Lm
  • p = DLo x cos Lm
• calculates by Mercator sailing
  • Mercator course
  • Mercator distance
  • Mercator course and distance
  • latitude of arrival/departure by Mercator sailing
  • longitude of arrival/departure by Mercator sailing
  • latitude and longitude of arrival/departure by Mercator sailing
• calculates a DR position or an estimated position by using the plane sailing formula, given compass course and compass error, distance by log, estimated speed, tidal and current information and leeway
• solves problems of plane sailing, using a calculator
• solves problems of DR and fixing positions, using plotting charts
• calculates the estimated time of arrival (ETA) for sailing problems including crossing the international date line
  • Zone time (ZT of departure
  • Zone description (ZD)
  • Greenwich mean time (GMT) of departure
  • Greenwich mean time (GMT) of departure
  • + Running/steaming time.
  • Greenwich mean time (GMT) of arrival
  • Greenwich mean time (GMT) of arrival
  • Zone description (ZD) (reverse the sine of the ZD)
  • Zone time (ZT) of arrival

21A1
21A1.04

LAB - Lab 1 Nautical chart use and interpretation

• defines "natural scale" of a chart
• defines chart classification by scale
• describes the chart numbering system and classification according to region
• demonstrates the use of a chart catalog
• demonstrates the correcting of charts according to Notices to Mariners
• demonstrates the maintenance, use and stowage of charts
• demonstrates nautical chart reading including: chart dates, title block, shoreline characteristics, symbols, lettering, soundings, bottom description, depth and datum's, heights, dangers, aids to navigation, land areas, landmarks and miscellaneous chart features
• recognizes and demonstrates the use of the symbols and abbreviations on a chart, especially lighthouses, buoys, beacons, radio beacons and other navigational marks as contained in US Chart No. 1
• identifies the characteristics and range of lights
• identifies the symbols for chart depths and nature of the bottom and explains the use of soundings

21A6
21A1.02
21A1.03
21A1.05

LAB - Lab 2 Use of plotting instruments for piloting and dead reckoning

• demonstrates the use of dividers and compasses, parallel rulers, three arm protractor, navigational triangles, plotters, nautical slide rule
• demonstrates how to measure distance between two positions on a Mercator chart
• demonstrates how to measure direction between two positions on a Mercator chart
• demonstrates the use of nautical publications
  • Light list/List of Lights
  • Coast Pilot/Sailing Directions
  • Radio Aids to Navigation (Pub. No. 117)

21A1.05

LAB - Lab 3 Elements of piloting and chart work exercises

• demonstrates plotting the Dead Reckoning position (DR) by the advancement of a vessel's position on the nautical chart from the last accurately known location using the ordered ship's course steered and ordered speed through the water
• defines what is meant by the term "Line of Position"
• identifies the different types of lines of position available to the navigator while piloting
• identifies a circular line of position
• defines bearing, relative bearing
• computes the true bearing from a relative bearing
• defines "estimated position"
• plots an estimated position on the chart
• plots lines of position - straight line, circle, hyperbola
• finds a position line by bearing, distance off, range line and radio aids
• defines "course" and "distance"
• lays off true course between two positions
• finds the distance between two positions
• calculates the speed between two positions

21A1.04
21A1.05

LAB - Lab 4 Chart work exercise - Position fixing

• defines a position fix
• identifies seven kinds of fixes used in piloting that result from various combinations of lines or circles of position
• defines the angular relationship of lines of position for position fixing
• measures the radar distance off a charted object and plots its position circle on a chart
• discusses labeling techniques for lines of position, DR position, estimated position, position fix, direction, speed, and time
• plots and labels a position on the chart from simultaneous cross bearings and from bearing and distance off
• determines a position by a combination of bearing, distance and radio aids position lines
• determines a position by simultaneous bearings of two objects
• determines a position by simultaneous bearing of three objects

21A1.02
21A1.03
21A1.04
21A1.05
21A1.06
21A3

LAB - Lab 5 Compass corrections

• defines true, magnetic and compass north
• defines variation, deviation and magnetic compass error
• defines true course, gyro compass course and gyro compass error
• finds variation and annual changes from charts
• describes the process of compass adjustment
• finds deviation from deviation tables
• construct a deviation table while swinging a vessel on a "visual range"
• determine compass error by "visual range"
• use deviation table to determine course to steer by standard magnetic compass
• use deviation table to determine true course made good
• use deviation table to determine deviation on magnetic compass headings, true headings and gyro headings
• calculates deviation from magnetic and compass course
• calculates true course from compass course
• calculates compass course from true course
• measures compass error, gyro error, using a range formed by two objects
• applies compass error to the ship's head and compass bearings to convert to true
• takes a compass bearing of a charted object and lays the true bearing on the chart
• applies gyro error to gyro course to convert to true
• takes a gyro bearing of a charted object and lays the true bearing on the chart

21A1.08
21A1.09
21A2.02

LAB - Lab 6 Current sailing

• defines "set", "drift" and "leeway" due to wind
• defines "ship's speed", "speed made good", "course and distance made good", "applied leeway"
• finds the course and distance made good with a tidal stream or current
• finds the course to steer, allowing for tidal stream or current
• finds the set and drift of tidal stream or current from charts or tables
• finds positions by running fix in a tidal stream or current
• calculates the actual set and drift of tidal stream or current from DR and fixed positions
• calculates the engine speed to turn to make good the DR speed

21A1.04
21A1.05
21A2.02

LAB - Lab 7 Tides and tidal calculations

• explains the basic theory of tides, causes and effects
• defines "spring tides", "neap tides", "height of tide" "high water" and "low water", "mean high water springs", "mean high water neaps", "mean low water springs", "mean low water neaps", "range", "chart datum"
• defines "diurnal tide", "semi-diurnal tide", "mixed tide", "solar tide", "double high water" and "double low water"
• defines "perigean tide", "apogean tide", "tropic tide", and "equatorial tide"
• defines "solstitial tide" and "equinoctial tide"
• defines "lunar day (tidal day)", "lunar month" and "nodal period"
• defines "mean range", "spring range", "neap range", ,great diurnal range", "small diurnal range", "great tropic range", "small tropic range", "mean tropic range", " perigean and apogean range"
• defines "establishment of the port" and "vulgar establishment"
• describes the information contained within and demonstrates the use of the tide publications
• calculates the spring and neap ranges for reference and subordinate stations
• finds the predicted time and height of high and low water at reference and subordinate stations
• finds the height of tide at any time for reference and subordinate stations
• calculates the depth of the water at any time
• calculates the time and height of tide required to pass clear of charted obstruction
• demonstrates the use of computer software for personal computers to compute and graph tidal predictions

21A1.05
21A1.07
21A6

LAB - Lab 8 Tidal currents and tidal current calculations

• explains the basic theory of tidal currents, cause and effects
• discusses the direction and velocity of tidal currents
• defines "set", "flood tidal current", "ebb tidal current", "drift" and "slack water"
• defines "rotary", "reversing (rectilinear)", and "hydraulic" tidal currents
• defines "diurnal", "semi-diurnal", and "mixed" tidal currents
• defines "perigean", "apogean", "tropic", and "equatorial" tidal currents
• defines "solstitial" and "equinoctial" tidal currents
• defines "spring" and "neap" tidal currents
• defines "diurnal inequality"
• describes the information contained within and demonstrates the use of the tidal current publication
• calculates the direction and velocity of the tidal current at reference and subordinate stations
• calculates the direction and velocity of the tidal current for any time at reference and subordinate stations
• calculates the maximum velocity and direction of the tidal current at reference and subordinate stations
• calculates the time and duration of slack water at reference and subordinate stations
• calculates the average direction and velocity of currents produced by the wind
• calculates the direction and velocity of two or more currents setting neither in the same nor in opposite directions
• demonstrates the use of current diagrams to determine the average speed and direction of tidal current for stations located in bays and rivers
• calculates the direction and velocity of offshore rotary currents
• demonstrates the use of computer software for personal computers to compute and graph tidal current predictions
• demonstrates the use of a tidal steam atlas

21A1.05
21A1.07
21A6
21A8.05

LAB - Lab 9 Running fix and special case bearings

• defines "Running Fix" as obtained in piloting
• demonstrates the plotting of a running fix
• demonstrates the calculation of a running fix by use of angular relationships without plotting the lines of position
• describes how Bowditch, Volume 1 Table 18, "Distance of an object by two bearings" (Ref: Bowditch, Volume 2, Table 7) provides a quick solution of a running fix as an alternative to the trigonometry involved in the angular relationships
• calculates the distance off abeam, distance off at the time of the second bearing and time abeam by use of Bowditch Table 18
• demonstrates the workings of the "Special Case" bearing problems including:
  • double angle on the bow
  • bow and beam bearings
  • Seven-Tenths Rule (22 1/2° - 45°)
  • Seven-Thirds Rule (26 1/2°- 45°)
  • Seven-eighth's Rule (30°- 60°)
  • natural cotangent rule

21A1.02
21A1.03
21A1.04

LAB - Lab 10 Sailings

• defines "departure" and states the relationship to difference of longitude
• defines "true course" and "rhumb line"
• defines "rhumb line sailing", "great circle sailing" and "composite sailing
• derives the plane sailing formulae:
  • cos course = difference in latitude ÷ distance
  • sin course = departure (p) ÷ distance
  • tan course = departure (p) ÷ difference in latitude (l)
  • l = D x cos C
  • D = L x sec C
  • p = D x sin C
• calculates by plane sailing
  • plane distance
  • plane course and distance
  • latitude of arrival/departure by plane sailing
  • longitude of arrival/departure by plane sailing
  • latitude and longitude of arrival/departure by plane sailing
• explains the relationship between departure and difference of longitude in cases involving a change of latitude, by using mean latitude (mid-latitude)
• derives the mid-latitude sailing formulae:
  • DLo = p x sec Lm
  • p = DLo x cos Lm
• calculates by Mercator sailing
  • Mercator course
  • Mercator distance
  • Mercator course and distance distance
  • latitude of arrival/departure by Mercator sailing
  • longitude of arrival/departure by Mercator sailing
  • latitude and longitude of arrival/departure by Mercator sailing
• calculates a DR position or an estimated position by using the plane sailing formula, given compass course and compass error, distance by log, estimated speed, tidal and current information and leeway
• solves problems of plane sailing, using a calculator
• solves problems of DR and fixing positions, using plotting charts
• calculates the estimated time of arrival (ETA) for sailing problems including crossing the international date line
  • Zone time (ZT of departure
  • Zone description (ZD)
  • Greenwich mean time (GMT) of departure
  • Greenwich mean time (GMT) of departure
  • + Running/steaming time .
  • Greenwich mean time (GMT) of arrival
  • Greenwich mean time (GMT) of arrival
  • Zone description (ZD) (reverse the sine of the ZD)
  • Zone time (ZT) of arrival

21A1
21A1.04

LAB - Lab 11 Voyage planning

• defines risk assessment
• defines voyage planning and its four elements; appraisal, planning, execution and monitoring
• consults navigation publications
• consults radio and electronic broadcasts
• prepares charts and Electronic Chart Display Information Systems (ECDIS)
• calculates trim and stability data
• describes embarking/disembarking of Pilots
• defines identity and location of tug escorts
• discusses vessel destination (berthing and anchoring procedures)
• discusses routine and emergency procedures
• defines voyage plan briefing
• completes a voyage plan form including: voyage description, vessel movement, watch personnel, VHF information, navigation records, weather information, compass information, tide and tidal current information, celestial phenomena, vessel draft and trim, define waypoints, parallel index information, ETD/ETA, distance to waypoints and destination, course plan, depth information and position fixing methodology
• completes a speed plan including: fuel conservation and speed by revolutions, apparent slip, required RPM, day's run and required speed

21A1
21A2
21A2.02
21A2.03
21A2.04
21A8.05

LAB - Lab 12 Make-up

• makes up any missed laboratories